CHAPTER 5

 CHAPTER 5 PART 1 

PASSIVE VOICE

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Definition 

The passive voice in English is a grammatical construction that shows the subject of a sentence is receiving the action of the verb, rather than performing the action. 

Purpose

The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. In other words, the most important thing or person becomes the subject of the sentence.

Structure

The formula is 

Subject + Auxiliary Verb (To Be) + V3 (positive) 

Subject + Auxiliary Verb (To Be) + Not V3 (negative) 

Auxiliary Verb (To Be) + Subject + V3 ? (Interrogative) 

- V3 stands for Verb 3, it means Past Particle 

For ex: Eat ->Eaten

- Auxiliary Verb (To Be) : Am/Are/Is/Being/Been/Was/Were

If we want to say who or what performs the action while using the passive voice, we use the preposition by. 

Then the Formula will be: 

Subject + Auxiliary Verb (To Be) + Past Particle + by + Object/someone

Here's the example:

active: Everybody loves chocolate.

passive: Chocolate is loved by everybody.

active: The lifeguard saved a man.

passive: A man was saved by the lifeguard.

active: Decorators are painting my house.

passive: My house is being painted by decorators

~

exercise at the following link: https://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/esl-passive-voice-exercise2.html# 

E.exercises

Task 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Change the active into passive. 

1. I write a letter (active) 

-> A letter is written (passive) 

2. I am writing a letter

-> A letter is being written (passive) 

3. I wrote a letter

-> A letter was written (passive) 

4. I was writing a letter

-> A letter was being written (passive) 

5. I have written A letter

-> A letter has been written (passive) 

6. I had written a letter

-> A letter had been written (passive) 

7. I will write a letter

-> A letter will be written (passive) 

8. I am going to write a letter

-> A letter is going to be written (passive) 

9. I must write a letter.

-> A letter must be  written (passive) 

10. I should have written a letter

-> A letter should have been written (passive)

Task 2. Choose the correct answer

1. They cancelled all flights because of fog. The passive form of the sentence is, because of fog....

A) All flights had cancelled

B) All flights were cancelled

C) All flights have been cancelled

D) They be cancelled

E) They are being cancelled

2. A well known architect is designing our new office. The passive form of the above sentence is, Our new office...... by a well known architect.

A) Design

B) Designed

C) Be designing

D) Is designed

E) Is being designed

3. Jupiters four moons through a telescope by Galileo.

A) Were first viewed

B) First viewed

C) Had been first viewed

D) Were being first viewed

E) First being viewed

CHAPTER 2

Passive voice is widely used in several types of English texts such as explanation text and report text.

.Explanation text itself is a text that contains processes or things related to natural phenomena, social phenomena, science, politics, culture, and so on.

Report text is a type of text that has a function, namely to provide information or knowledge about an event or situation after the situation has been investigated and through various considerations.

The use of Passive voice in the text is intended as a variation of sentence form and emphasis on the meaning of the sentence that focuses more on explaining and describing a process of an event

Independent Assignment

Text 1. 

Bogor

Bogor is a City in northern Java Island, Indonesia. it is the part of West Java Province. Together with Jakarta, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, the City is included in the Jabodetabek metropolitan area.

Bogor has been known as the 'Rain City' of Indonesia and 'Buitenzorg City'. the City stretches across 118,5 km2 areas. Bogor is World famous for its Bogor Botanical Garden, a Conservation site for several plants and animals.

The City was Born in June 3rd 1482, when Padjadjaran Kingdom was existed in West Java. You can see the city's Landmarks such as Tugu Kujang, Prasasti Batu Tulis, Cimahpar Integrated Conservation Offices, Telaga Cikeas, etc. Bogor City is surrounded by several Mounts like Gunung Gede, and Gunung Halimun Salak.

Text 2.

How Earthquakes Happen

Earthquake is one of natural disaster that destroying a certain area the most. It recently happens in Tasikmalaya, West Java Province.

Earthquakes are caused by suddenly breaks of underground rock along a fault. This sudden release a huge amount of seismic waves Energy. The ground will be shaken when it happen. When two plates or two blocks of rock are rubbing against each other, they will be sticked together. But, they don't slide smoothly.

The rocks are not moving but still pushing against each other. After several times, the rocks will be broken due to all the pressure that's built up. When those rocks break, the earthquakes happen. This is horrible and we have to maintain our Environment, so there will be no earthquakes happen.

Task 1

First, Read silently to understand text 1 and 2 on Part B. Make sure that you know the meaning of every word and every part of those texts.

Second, read out each text (text 1, and 2) loudly and meaningfully as if you are presenting to people. If possible, record your voice.

Task 2

Write some words you do not understand. Write them on the following table then consult the dictionary.

1. Seismic waves  

   Meaning: Gelombang seismik, gelombang energi yang ditimbulkan oleh pergerakan batuan dalam peristiwa gempa bumi.

2. Sticked  

   Meaning: Menempel atau terikat. (Bentuk tidak baku dari "stuck", yang berarti terjebak atau terikat).

3. Maintain  

   Meaning: Memelihara atau menjaga agar tetap dalam kondisi baik atau terjaga.

4. Landmarks  

   Meaning: Titik atau objek penting dan terkenal yang menjadi ciri khas suatu tempat, misalnya bangunan atau monumen bersejarah.

E. Exercises

Read the text below, identify the passive voice and write them on the table. Number 1 has been done for you.

Text 1
Mobile Phone

A mobile phone (also known as a wireless phone, or cellular telephone) is a very small portable radio telephone.

The mobile phone can be used to communicate over long distances without wires. It works by communicating with a nearby base station (also called a "cell site") which connects it to the main phone network. As the mobile phone moves around, if the mobile phone gets too far away from the cell it is connected to, that cell sends a message to another cell to tell the new cell to take over the call. This is called a "hand off," and the call continues with the new cell the phone is connected to. The hand-off is done so well and carefully that the user will usually never even know that the call was transferred to another cell.

As mobile phones became more popular, they began to cost less money, and more people could afford them. Monthly plans became available for rates as low as US$30 or US$40 a month. Cell phones have become so cheap to own that they have mostly replaced pay phones and phone booths except for urban areas with many people.

Tsunami

The term of "tsunami" comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and wave ("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.

A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries. Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.

As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.

Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

Text 1 (PASSIVE VOICE): 

The mobile phone can be used to communicate over long distances without wires.

As the mobile phone moves around, if the mobile phone gets too far away from the cell it is connected to, that cell sends a message to another cell to tell the new cell to take over the call.

Text 2 (PASSIVE VOICE):

A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water.

Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front... .

CHAPTER 3 PART 3

Write the explanation of a PASSIVE VOICE !

Passive voice is a grammatical construction in which the subject of a sentence is the recipient of the action rather than the doer. In passive sentences, the focus is often on the action itself or the object receiving the action rather than on the person or thing performing it. The active voice, in contrast, focuses on the doer of the action.

Structure of Passive Voice:

1.Subject: The recipient of the action.

2.Form of "to be": Conjugated in the appropriate tense.

3.Past participle of the verb: The main verb is in its past participle form.

4.(Optional) By + Agent: The performer of the action, introduced by "by," is optional and can be omitted if not important.

General Formula:

[Subject] + [form of "to be"] + [past participle] + (by + agent)

Examples:

1.Present Simple:

&.Active: The chef cooks the meal.

&.Passive: The meal is cooked (by the chef).

2.Past Simple:

&.Active: They repaired the car.

&.Passive: The car was repaired (by them).

3.Future Simple:

&.Active: She will deliver the package.

&.Passive: The package will be delivered (by her).

4.Present Continuous:

&.Active: He is cleaning the room.

&.Passive: The room is being cleaned.

5.Present Perfect:

&.Active: They have completed the project.

&.Passive: The project has been completed.

When to Use Passive Voice:

*.Focus on the action or result: The emphasis is on what happened rather than who did it.

&.The bridge was built in 1905.

*.Unknown or irrelevant doer: The person performing the action is unknown or unimportant.

&.The documents were stolen.

*.Formal or impersonal tone: Common in scientific writing or instructions.

&,The experiment was conducted over three days.

Make passive sentences using the word parts and the given tense.

1. The window – open (present perfect simple)

(passive): The window has been opened. 

2. Her room – paint (past progressive)

(passive): Her room was being painted. 

3. He – take – to the airport. (present perfect simple)

(passive): He has been taken to the airport.

4. The bike – repair – at the moment (present progressive)

(passive): The bike is being repaired at the moment.

5. The cows – feed – every morning (present simple)

(passive): The cows are fed every morning.

6. The novel – write – a hundred years ago (past simple)

(passive): The novel was written a hundred years ago.

7. The food – must put – in the fridge (present simple)

(passive): The food must be put in the fridge.

8. A press conference – hold – tomorrow afternoon (future simple)

(passive): A press conference will be held tomorrow afternoon.

9. Our new house – just – finish (present perfect simple)

(passive): Our new house has just been finished.

10. The thief – see – by the policeman (past perfect simple)

(passive): The thief had been seen by the policeman.

11. The story – often tell – by grandmother (present simple)

(passive): The story is often told by grandmother. 

12. The package – send – by a good friend (past simple)

(passive): The package was sent by a good friend.

13. He – not see – for ages (present perfect simple)

(passive): He has not been seen for ages.

14. My dad – off – a new job – later this week (future simple)

(passive): My dad will be offered a new job later this week.

15. Breakfast – serve – from 7 to 10 (present simple)

(passive): Breakfast is served from 7 to

 conclusion 

 "A letter is written" (a sentence in passive voice) is that the sentence indicates a letter is being written, but does not mention who is writing the letter. The focus of this sentence is on the action of writing the letter itself, rather than on the doer or subject performing the action. This is an example of passive voice, where the subject (the letter) receives the action, and the doer is either unspecified or considered irrelevant.